Microchimerism may be the cause of psychiatric disorders

Miranda PD, Goulmy E. We are all born as microchimera. Chimerism. 2013; 4: 18-19. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23262442

Guettier C, Sebagh M, Buard J, Feneux D, Ortin-Serrano M, et al. Male cellmicrochimerism in normal and diseased female livers from fetal life to adulthood. Hepatology. 2005; 42: 35-43. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15962317

Zeng XX, Tan KH, Yeo A, Sasajala P, Tan X, et al. Pregnancy-associated progenitor cells differentiate and mature into neurons in the maternal brain. Stem Cells Dev. 2010; 19: 1-12. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20707697

Dubernard G, Aractingi S, Oster M, Rouzier R, Mathieu MC, et al. Breast cancer stroma frequently recruits fetal derived cells during pregnancy. Breast Cancer Res. 2008; 10: R14. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18271969

Nguyen Huu S, Oster M, Avril MF, Boitier F, Mortier L, et al. Fetal microchimeric cells participate in tumour angiogenesis in melanomas occurring during pregnancy. AmJ Pathol. 2009; 174: 630-637. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19147820

Gadi VK. Fetal microchimerism and cancer. Cancer Lett. 2009; 276: 8-13. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18845390

Sawaya HHB, Jimenez SA, Artlett CM. Quantification of fetal microchimeric cells in clinically affected and unaffected skin of patients with systemic sclerosis. Rheumatology. 2004; 43: 965-968. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15199216

Brown AS, Cohen P, Harkavy-Friedman J, Babulas V, Malaspina D, et al. A.E. Bennett Research Award. Prenatal rubella, premorbid abnormalities, and adult schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry. 2001; 49: 473-486. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11257233

Reisinger S, Khan D, Kong E, Berger A, Pollak A, Pollak DD. The poly(I:C)-induced maternal immune activation model in preclinical neuropsychiatric drug discovery. Pharmacol Ther. 2015; 149: 213-226. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25562580

Knuesel I, Chicha L, Britschgi M, Schobel SA, Bodmer M, et al. Maternal immune activation and abnormal brain development across CNS disorders. Nat Rev Neurol. 2014; 10: 643-660. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25311587

Estes ML, McAllister AK. Immune mediators in the brain and peripheral tissues in autism spectrum disorder. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2015; 16: 469-486. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26189694

Patterson PH. Immune involvement in schizophrenia and autism: etiology, pathology and animal models. Behav Brain Res. 2009; 204: 313-321. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19136031

Işıkay CT, Özsan H. Şizofrenide viral ve otoimmün etyoloji; literatürün gözden geçirilmesi. Ankara Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası. 1998; 51: 101-106.

Howes OD, McCutcheon R. Inflammation and the neural diathesis-stress hypothesis of schizophrenia: a reconceptualization. Transl Psychiatry. 2017; 7: e1024. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28170004

Kirkpatrick B, Miller BJ. Inflammation and schizophrenia. Schzophr Bull. 2013; 39: 1174-1179. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24072812

Khandaker GM, Cousins L, Deakin J, Lennox BR, Yolken R, et al. Inflammation and immunity in schizophrenia: implications for pathophysiology and treatment. Lancet Psychiatry. 2015; 2: 197-199. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26359903

Miyaoka T, Wake R, Hashioka S, Hayashida M, Oh-Nishi A, et al. Remission of Psychosis in Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia following Bone Marrow Transplantation: A Case Report. Front Psychiatry. 2017; 8: 174. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28983259

Aydın MŞ, Yiğit EN, Vatandaşlar E, Erdoğan E, Öztürk G. Transfer and Integration of Breast Milk Stem Cells to the Brain of Suckling Pups. Sci Rep. 2018; 8: 14289.

Kacsoh BZ, Bozler J, Bosco G. Drosophila species learn dialects through communal living. Plos Genetics. 2018; 14: e1007430. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30024883

Christian MA, Samms-Vaughan M, Lee M, Bressler J, Hessabi M, et al. Maternal exposures associated with autism spectrum disorder in jamaican children. JAutism Dev Disord. 2018; 48: 2766-2778. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29549549

Glynn LM, Howland MA, Sandman CA, Davis EP, Phelan M, et al. Prenatal maternal mood patterns predict child temperament and adolescent mental health. JAffect Disord. 2018; 228: 83-90. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29241049

Vizzini L, Popovic M, Zugna D, Vitiello B, Trevisan M, et al. Maternal anxiety, depression and sleep disorders before and during pregnancy, and preschool ADHD symptoms in the NINFEA birth cohort study. Epidemiol Psychiatric Sci. 2018; 1-11. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29665879

Bale TL, Baram TZ, Brown AS, Goldstein JM, Insel TR, et al. Early life programming and neurodevelopmental disorders. Biol Psychiatry. 2010; 68: 314-319. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20674602

Fisher J, Cabral de Mello M, Patel V, Rahman A, Tran T, et al. Prevalence and determinants of common perinatal mental disorders in women in low- and lower-middle-income countries: a systematic review. Bull World Health Organ. 2012; 90: 139G-149G. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22423165

Walder DJ, Laplante DP, Sousa-Pires A, Veru F, Brunet A, et al. Prenatal maternal stress predicts autism traits in 6½ yearold children: Project Ice Storm. Psychiatry Res. 2014;219: 353-360. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24907222

Betts KS, Williams GM, Najman JM, Alati R. The relationship between maternal depressive, anxious, and stress symptoms during pregnancy and adult offspring behavioral and emotional problems. Depress Anxiety. 2015; 32: 82-90. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24788841

Kingsbury M, Weeks M, MacKinnon N, Evans J, Mahedy L, et al. Stressful life events during pregnancy and offspring depression: evidence from a prospective cohort study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2016; 55: 709-716e2. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27453085

St-Hilaire A, Steiger H, Liu A, Laplante DP, Thaler L, et al. A prospective study of effects of prenatal maternal stress on later eatingdisorder manifestations in affected offspring: preliminary indications based on the Project Ice Storm cohort. Int J Eat Disord. 2015; 48: 512-516. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25808647

Zhu P, Hao JH, Tao RX, Huang K, Jiang XM, et al. Sex-specific and timedependent effects of prenatal stress on the early behavioral symptoms of ADHD: a longitudinal study in China. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2015; 24: 1139-1147. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25791080

Pickles A, Sharp H, Hellier J, Hill J. Prenatal anxiety, maternal stroking in infancy, and symptoms of emotional and behavioral disorders at 3.5 years. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2017; 26: 325-334. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27464490

Schepanski S, Buss C, Hanganu-Opatz IL, Arck PC. Prenatal Immune and Endocrine Modulators of Offspring’s Brain Development and Cognitive Functions Later in Life. Front Immunol. 2018; 9: 2186. PubMed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30319639

Demirbek B, Yurt E. Can Microchimerism Find Itself a Place in Psychiatric Research? Current Approaches in Psychiatry. 2011; 3: 296-308.

Demirhan O, Ozturk N, Aydin N, Yildizdas HY, Demirbek B, et al. Effect of fetal microchimeric cells on the development of postnatal depression. Med Clin Arch. 2019; 3: 1-6.